abstract：:The carcinogenicity of dichloromethane (DCM) has been demonstrated by mutagenicity studies using bacteria and yeasts and using animal bioassays. Epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to DCM increases the incidences of liver and pancreas cancers. In the present study, we determine whether DCM generates DNA dam...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Olvera-Bello AE,Estrada-Muñiz E,Elizondo G,Vega L

更新日期：2010-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicity of benz (e) acephenanthrylene (BeA) has been studied earlier with regard to the carcinogenicity of its metabolites, but its phototogenotoxicity is not well understood. Present study aimed to analyze the photodynamic response of BeA in human skin cell line (A375) under ambient environmental intensity of UV...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ali D,Ray RS,Hans RK

更新日期：2010-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:General anaesthesia is an important measure in the treatment of patients suffering from organophosphorus intoxication. The intravenous anaesthetic etomidate seems to be well suited for this purpose because of its stable haemodynamics. Here we raise the question whether the anaesthetic properties of etomidate are alter...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Drexler B,Antkowiak B,Thiermann H,Seeger T,Grasshoff C

更新日期：2010-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the fact that humans are exposed to multiple forms of mercury (elemental, inorganic, and organic), most research on mercury toxicity has focused on methylmercury (MeHg) and on neurotoxic outcomes and mechanisms. Recent work has indicated that the immunotoxic effects of mercury compounds may be significant cont...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gardner RM,Nyland JF,Silbergeld EK

更新日期：2010-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:A comparison of the effects produced by size-fractionated tire particles (TP10 and TP2.5) and similar-sized urban particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), collected in Milan in 2007, on the lungs of mice has been performed. The focus is on early acute lung responses following intratracheal instillation of aerosolized part...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Mantecca P,Farina F,Moschini E,Gallinotti D,Gualtieri M,Rohr A,Sancini G,Palestini P,Camatini M

更新日期：2010-10-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The transition metal cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant which damages the kidneys. Chronic Cd exposure may induce renal fibrosis and/or cancer, but the signaling pathways involved are not understood. The Wnt pathway is a key signaling cascade responsible for renal development, fibrosis and cancer. Hence the ef...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chakraborty PK,Scharner B,Jurasovic J,Messner B,Bernhard D,Thévenod F

更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cadmium (Cd) occurs naturally in the environment and the general population's exposure to it is predominantly through diet. Chronic Cd exposure is a public health concern because Cd is a known carcinogen; it accumulates in the body and causes kidney damage. The National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANE...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ruiz P,Mumtaz M,Osterloh J,Fisher J,Fowler BA

更新日期：2010-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Reactivation of inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with oximes is a causal therapy of intoxication with organophosphorus compounds (OPs). Maximal oxime effects are expected when effective doses are administered as soon as possible and as long as reactivation can be anticipated. An obidoxime plasma level i...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Thiermann H,Eyer F,Felgenhauer N,Pfab R,Zilker T,Eyer P,Worek F

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzo(a)pyrene (BP) is the best studied polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, classified as carcinogenic to humans. The carcinogenic metabolite, benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), binds covalently to DNA. The key enzyme in this metabolic reaction is CYP1A1, which has also been found in placenta and human t...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Karttunen V,Myllynen P,Prochazka G,Pelkonen O,Segerbäck D,Vähäkangas K

更新日期：2010-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Doxorubicin (DOXO) is an anthracycline antibiotic which is used in the treatment of human malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma and a number of solid tumors, particularly breast cancer. Anthracyclines have been reported to contaminate chemotherapy workstation surfaces as well as other workplaces surfaces. The occupa...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Boccellino M,Pedata P,Castiglia L,La Porta R,Pieri M,Quagliuolo L,Acampora A,Sannolo N,Miraglia N

更新日期：2010-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Crotonaldehyde is an environment pollutant and lipid peroxidation product. Crotonaldehyde produces adverse effects to humans and serves as a risk factor for human pulmonary diseases. Like acrolein and 4-hydroxynonenal, crotonaldehyde seems likely to alter many cell signaling cascades, including inflammatory responses....

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Liu XY,Yang ZH,Pan XJ,Zhu MX,Xie JP

更新日期：2010-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Fenvalerate (Fen), widely used for its high insecticidal potency and low mammalian toxicity, is classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. Recently, Fen has received great attention for its adverse effects on human reproductive health. In this study, we found that Fen (10 microM) had a stimulatory effect on the g...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gao X,Yu L,Castro L,Moore AB,Hermon T,Bortner C,Sifre M,Dixon D

更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is critical to maintain cerebral homeostasis. In this study, we examined the effects of exposure to electromagnetic pulse (EMP) on the functional integrity of BBB and, on the localization and expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins (occludin and ZO-1) in rats. Animals were sham or whol...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Ding GR,Qiu LB,Wang XW,Li KC,Zhou YC,Zhou Y,Zhang J,Zhou JX,Li YR,Guo GZ

更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic exposure of humans to fluorine compounds in the air, water and food may be atherogenic via the activation of oxidative stress and increased ROS production. The most important factor that promotes the formation of ROS seems to be the oxidoreduction of electron carriers in the critical points of the respiratory ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gutowska I,Baranowska-Bosiacka I,Baśkiewicz M,Milo B,Siennicka A,Marchlewicz M,Wiszniewska B,Machaliński B,Stachowska E

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When pregnant mice were exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the average time to eye opening in the offspring was shortened by about a day. How acceleration of eye opening by TCDD occurs remains unknown. To reveal the underlying mechanisms of the accelerated eye opening, pregnant mice were intraperit...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gin DW,Kim HR,Lee DM,Lee SH,Seong AR,Hwang JA,Park JH

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to establish an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) for direct exposure of lung cells to gaseous contaminants. Nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) and ozone (O(3)) were selected as model gas compounds. Acute pro-inflammatory and toxic effects of NO(2) and O(3) on live ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Switalla S,Knebel J,Ritter D,Krug N,Braun A,Sewald K

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Due to the massive reduction of air-change rates in modern, energy-saving houses and dwellings, the contribution of volatile organic compound (VOCs) emissions from wood-based materials to indoor air quality has become increasingly important. To evaluate toxicity of VOC mixtures typically emitted from pine wood and ori...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gminski R,Tang T,Mersch-Sundermann V

更新日期：2010-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand the underlying mechanism for apoptosis induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TNP), human airway epithelial cell line was cultured to investigate the relevant apoptosis pathways. Our results showed that the levels of reactive oxygen species and morphological apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent ma...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Shi Y,Wang F,He J,Yadav S,Wang H

更新日期：2010-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Mercury, one of the widespread pollutants in the world, induces oxidative stress and dysfunction in many cell types. Alveolar type II epithelial cells are known to be vulnerable to oxidative stress. Alveolar type II epithelial cells produce and secrete surfactants to maintain morphological organization, biophysical fu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lu TH,Chen CH,Lee MJ,Ho TJ,Leung YM,Hung DZ,Yen CC,He TY,Chen YW

更新日期：2010-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylglyoxal (MG) is a metabolite of glucose. The serum MG level is increased in diabetic patients, and MG is implicated in diabetic complications related to embryonic development injury. We previously reported cytotoxic effects of MG on mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts, and a further association with defec...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chang YJ,Chan WH

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzodiazepines have wide-spread used in pharmacotherapy for their anxiolytic, myorelaxant, hypnotic, amnesic and anticonvulsive properties. Despite benzodiazepines are used in clinics over 50 years, they have not been surprisingly tested for capability to induce major drug-metabolizing cytochromes P450. In the curren...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Vrzal R,Kubesova K,Pavek P,Dvorak Z

更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Troglitazone (TGZ) is an orally active hypoglycemic agent which is used for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It had been associated with severe drug-induced liver failure which resulted in its withdrawal from the market in 2000. While the exact mechanism of its toxicity remains unknown, it has...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Saha S,New LS,Ho HK,Chui WK,Chan EC

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:According to European laws animal testing in cosmetic industry will be prohibited in a few years and it will be replaced by alternative methods based on cell and tissue culture. Many ingredients of cosmetic formulations are potentially causes of skin inflammation and sensibilization. Since cytotoxicity is known, among...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Parodi A,Sanguineti R,Catalano M,Penco S,Pronzato MA,Scanarotti C,Bassi AM

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is an organochlorine pesticide widely distributed in the biosphere. ERalpha regulates the expression of genes involved in growth and development, and plays an important role in breast cancer. The present study focuses attention on the effect of HCB (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5 microM) on cell prolifera...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： García MA,Peña D,Alvarez L,Cocca C,Pontillo C,Bergoc R,de Pisarev DK,Randi A

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), a putative receptor in Leydig cells, modulates steroidogenesis. Since benzodiazepines are commonly used in regional anesthesia, their peripheral effects need to be defined. Therefore, this study set out to investigate in vitro effects of the benzodiazepine midazolam (...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： So EC,Chang YT,Hsing CH,Poon PW,Leu SF,Huang BM

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Goniothalamin, a styryllactone, has been shown to induce cytotoxicity via apoptosis in several tumor cell lines. In this study, we have examined the potential role of several genes, which were stably transfected into T-cell lines and which regulate apoptosis in different ways, on goniothalamin-induced cell death. Over...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Inayat-Hussain SH,Wong LT,Chan KM,Rajab NF,Din LB,Harun R,Kizilors A,Saxena N,Mourtada-Maarabouni M,Farzaneh F,Williams GT

更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of isoflavones on estrogen sensitive tissues are discussed controversially. This study was designed to investigate tissue specific effects of an isoflavone exposure through different periods of life in female Wistar rats and to compare the effects of genistein (GEN) to those of mixed dietary isoflavones, GEN a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Hertrampf T,Ledwig C,Kulling S,Molzberger A,Möller FJ,Zierau O,Vollmer G,Moors S,Degen GH,Diel P

更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:5-Azactydine inhibits cell growth by direct cytotoxic action as well as by inhibition of DNA methyl transferase enzyme. Inhibitors of DNMT have been reported to potentiate the therapeutic activity of cisplatin in vitro. Dose dependent bone marrow toxicity, neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the major side effects of...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Tikoo K,Ali IY,Gupta J,Gupta C

更新日期：2009-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Pretreatment of male C57BL/6 mice with low doses of the persistent organochlorine pesticide, chlordecone (CD), stimulated biliary excretion of exogenous cholesterol (CH) up to 3-fold. Increased biliary excretion occurred without changes in hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter G8 (ABCG8) of the bile canaliculus or ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Scheri RC,Lee J,Barofsky DF,Curtis LR

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this subacute toxicity study, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) was administered daily by oral gavage to SPF-bred Wistar rats of both sexes at dose levels of 20, 60 and 180/120 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day for a period of 28 days (for 19 days in the high-dose group). A control group was treated similarly with the vehicle,...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Pfister T,Eichinger-Chapelon A

更新日期：2009-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Nano-materials are currently being used in a variety of fields. One of the concerns associated with their use is their potential to harm human health. In an attempt to identify genes expressed differently in human lung cells (WI-26 VA4) exposed to nanosized (45 nm in diameter) PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimers, we obs...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lee JH,Cha KE,Kim MS,Hong HW,Chung DJ,Ryu G,Myung H

更新日期：2009-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Several perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that can biomagnify in species at high trophic levels including wild birds. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) have been detected in wild birds and are known to reduce hatching success of laboratory-expose...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： O'Brien JM,Crump D,Mundy LJ,Chu S,McLaren KK,Vongphachan V,Letcher RJ,Kennedy SW

更新日期：2009-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloroacetonitrile (CAN) is a disinfection by-product of chlorination of drinking water. The present study was designed to investigate the potential adverse effects of maternal exposure to CAN on fetal liver in mice. Based on an initial dose-response experiment, CAN (25mg/(kgday)) was given orally to pregnant mice at ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Abdel-Naim AB,Nagy AA,Mohamadin AM,El-Mazar HM,Ahmed AE

更新日期：2009-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Cigarette smoke (CS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been emerging as a great health problem in China. However, lack of appropriate animal model slows down the progress in understanding pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of current study is to establish and evaluate a more adequate rat model...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Zheng H,Liu Y,Huang T,Fang Z,Li G,He S

更新日期：2009-09-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine is known to interact with the effects of opioid receptor agonists in vivo, and thus could modulate the action of morphine-like analgesics. The focus of the present work was to further study these interactions in a cell culture endowed with opioid and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Polanco MJ,Alguacil LF,Albella B,Segovia JC,González-Martín C

更新日期：2009-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Anti-androgenic chemicals alter sexual differentiation by a variety of mechanisms, and the mechanisms between phthalate esters and p,p'-DDE are considered to be different. We performed an in utero through lactational exposure assay using dicyclohexyl phthalate and p,p'-DDE to investigate the sexual differentiation of ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Yamasaki K,Okuda H,Takeuchi T,Minobe Y

更新日期：2009-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently showed in a rat model of dichromate-induced acute renal failure (ARF) that the elimination but not the distribution of pralidoxime was altered resulting in sustained plasma pralidoxime concentrations. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of pralidoxime in normal and acute renal failure rats ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kayouka M,Houzé P,Debray M,Baud FJ

更新日期：2009-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitrogen mustard (HN-2), also known as mechlorethamine, is an alkylating anticancer agent as well as blister inducing chemical warfare agent. We evaluated the cytoprotective efficacy of amifostine, DRDE-07 and their analogues, and other antidotes of mustard agents against HN-2. Administration of 1 LD(50) of HN-2 (20mg...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sharma M,Vijayaraghavan R,Gautam A

更新日期：2009-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:As information regarding microarray data sets and toxicogenomic biomarkers grows rapidly, the process of analyzing data and interpreting the results is increasingly complicated. To facilitate data analysis, a simple expression ratio-based scoring method called the TGP1 score was previously proposed [Kiyosawa, N., Shiw...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kiyosawa N,Ando Y,Watanabe K,Niino N,Manabe S,Yamoto T

更新日期：2009-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of four phthalates, i.e., di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) on necrotic and apoptotic cell death, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied on mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. All the phthalates ca...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Naarala J,Korpi A

更新日期：2009-07-24 00:00:00